Uma teoria praxeológica dos juros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30800/mises.2021.v9.1431Palavras-chave:
Teoria dos juros, Praxeologia, História do Pensamento EconômicoResumo
Esse artigo começa pela observação de que a teoria da preferência temporal pura leva a visões conflitantes a respeito do efeito das mudanças na produtividade sobre a taxa de juros. Posteriormente, examina partes da literatura sobre os juros e conclui que a teoria da preferência temporal pura não é uma teoria praxeológica. Então, combina a teoria do juro de Hülsmann com as teorias subjetivistas do capital de Lachmann e Kirzner, gerando uma teoria praxeológica que explica a taxa de juros. A chave dessa teoria é que a redução de custos através do capital fixo deve sempre ser entendida em termos do custo da mão de obra que esse capital substitui. Já que a mão de obra é não específica, e seu preço constitui, em certa medida, os custos de produção de bens de capital fixo, o uso do capital fixo implica necessariamente um excedente empresarial em algum lugar do sistema econômico. Já que o excedente não pode simplesmente desaparecer, qualifica-se como renda de juros. Seu tamanho é tal que a taxa de juros corresponde à taxa marginal de substituição entre mão de obra e capital fixo, tal como se representa nas ações empresariais.
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